In science and statistical analysis it is called "Testing the Null Hypothesis." As described in the 1930s by a statistician named Ronald Fischer, during an experiment, when looking at observed data after an event or testing the use of some treatment on a patient, the null hypothesis is the theory the change in data is unrelated to the event, or that the treatment used had no positive or negative effect on the subject.
here
More on the 'Null Hypothesis' at this blog.
ReplyDeletehttp://www.statisticsblog.com/2013/04/sudden-clarity-about-the-null-hypothesis/